Root, Prefix , Suffix
Root (รากศัพท์) เป็นคำที่มาจากรากศัพท์ภาษากรีก
(Greek) หรือภาษาละติน (Latin)
ซึ่งจะมีความหมายอยู่ในตัวของมันเอง หากเราทราบและจำรากศัพท์ดังกล่าวได้เยอะๆ
ก็จะดีที่จะช่วยเราในการเดาความหมายของคำศัพท์
ซึ่งคำศัพท์จำนวนไม่น้อยทีเดียวที่ประกอบด้วยรากศัพท์ เช่น pedmeter (เครื่องนับก้าว)
แล้วก้อสามารถเดาคำแปลของคำเหล่านี้ได้pedal (เกี่ยวกับเท้า) peddle ไร่
(เดิน) pedstrian (คนเดินเท้า) เป็นต้น
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Prefix
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Meaning
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mis
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means 'wrong' or 'badly' = ผิด พลาด
e.g. 'misspelled' or misspelt means 'wrongly spelled' -สะกดผิด |
sub
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means under = ใต้
e.g. 'subway' means 'a way under the ground'= ทางใต้ดิน |
pre
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means 'before in time', 'in front of' or 'superior' = ก่อน
e.g. 'prepacked' means 'packed before' |
un
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means not (there are also several other prefixes which
mean not)
e.g. 'unhurt' means 'not hurt' |
Prefix
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Meaning
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un
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means not
e.g. 'unhurt' means 'not hurt' |
im
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means not
e.g. 'impolite' means 'not polite' |
il
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means not
e.g. 'illegal' means 'not legal' |
in
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means not
e.g. 'informal' means 'not formal' |
ir
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means not
e.g.'irregular' means 'not regular' |
dis *
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one of the meanings of this prefix is also 'not'
e.g. 'disagree' means 'not agree' |
Prefix
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Meaning
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dis
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means away, apart, between, utterly (when used with a
negative word) and not.
e.g. 'disarm' means to remove or take weapons away |
mis
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means 'wrong' or 'badly'
e.g. 'misfortune' is when your are not lucky and things go wrong or badly |
under
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means 'below' or 'beneath'
e.g. 'underground' means below or beneath the ground |
over
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means upper, outer, over, superior or excessive
e.g. 'overweight' means too heavy or fat |
re
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means again
e.g. 'replay' means to play something again |
trans
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means across or through
e.g. 'transatlantic' means across the Atlantic ocean |
inter
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means among, between or together
e.g. 'intermission' is the short period of time between the parts in a performance or a film |
super
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means in excess, beyond
e.g. 'supersonic' means faster or beyond the speed of sound |
anti
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means against, in opposition to
e.g. 'anticlockwise' is opposite to the direction that the hands of a clock move in |
ante
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means before
e.g. 'antenatal' means before giving birth |
post
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means after
e.g. 'postpone' means to put something off until later, or after it was originally planned |
Prefix
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General Meaning
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Example
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a(n)-
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not , without
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atonality , asexuality , amoral , anarchy
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ab-
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away
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Abduction , absolutism , ablution
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ant(i)-
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against
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antidote , antibody , anticlockwise
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aut(o)-
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self
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autonomy , autobiography , automobile , autopilot
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bi-
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two
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bicycle , bijection , bilingual , bicameralism ,
bisexuality
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bi(o)-
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life
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biology , biography , biosphere , biotechnology
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in-
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extremely
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inflammable , invaluable
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in-, il-, im-, ir-
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not
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infallibility , illiteracy , immoral , irrelevant
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inter-
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between, from one to another
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intervention , international
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mis-
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bad , wrong
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miscarriage , misanthropy , misogyny
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mon(o)-
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one , single
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monolith , monorail , monotony , monocle
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multi-
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many
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multiculturalism , multilingual
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non-
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not
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nonsense, non-denial denial
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